Breast cancer: signs, screening and what to do right now

Finding reliable, easy-to-understand info on breast cancer can feel overwhelming. This page gives straight answers: common signs to watch for, who should get screened, simple ways to lower risk, and the next steps if you spot something worrying.

How to spot early signs

The most common sign is a new lump in the breast or underarm. But breast cancer can show up other ways: a change in breast size or shape, dimpling of the skin, nipple discharge (not milk), an inverted nipple, or persistent breast pain. If anything is new and lasts more than two weeks, book a check with your doctor. Don’t wait for pain—many cancers are painless early on.

Breast self-awareness helps. That doesn’t mean monthly panic checks, but know what’s normal for your breasts and notice any lasting changes. If you’re preoccupied by family history or have dense breasts, talk to your clinician about a personalised plan.

Screening, tests, and what to expect

Mammograms are the main screening tool for people over a certain age. Guidelines vary by country, but if you’re 40–50+ ask your doctor when to start and how often. For younger women with a strong family history or known genetic risk (like BRCA1/2), screening often starts earlier and may include MRI.

If your doctor finds something suspicious they’ll order imaging—either a diagnostic mammogram, ultrasound, or both. A biopsy is the only way to confirm cancer. That sounds scary, but biopsies are routine and give clear answers that guide treatment.

Treatment depends on the type and stage. Options include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation, chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and hormone therapy. Many people have more than one treatment. Ask your team about side effects, recovery time, and fertility or hormonal concerns if those matter to you.

Early detection saves lives. Cancers found at an early stage are easier to treat and have better outcomes. That’s why screening matters even when you feel fine.

Simple steps that reduce risk: stay active, keep a healthy weight after menopause, limit alcohol, don’t smoke, and follow screening advice. Some risk factors—age and genetics—you can’t change, but knowing them helps you get the right checks at the right time.

If you get a worried diagnosis, you’re not alone. Many hospitals and clinics offer nurse navigators, counselling, and support groups. Reach out to a trusted friend or family member to help with appointments and decisions.

Use this tag to find recent stories, research updates, patient experiences, and practical guides on treatment and recovery. Bookmark this page and check back for new articles that explain tests, treatments, and how people cope after diagnosis.

If you’re worried now, call your GP or local health clinic. Quick action gives you more options and better chances of a good outcome.